Apples – Chives (protect against apple scab) / Foxgloves / Garlic / Nasturtiums / Wallflowers
Apricots – Basil / Southernwood / Tansy
Asparagus – Basil / Parsley/ Tomatoes
Beans – Beetroot (with dwarf beans) / Cabbage / Carrots / Cauliflower / Celery / Cucumbers / Lettuce / Peas / Parsley / Potatoes (with broad and dwarf beans) / Spinach / Sweetcorn
Beetroot – Cabbage / Dwarf beans / Kohlrabi / Lettuce / Onions / Silverbeet
Cabbages (brassicas) – Beans / Beetroot / Celery / Chamomile / Dill / Mint / Onions / Oregano / Potatoes / Rosemary / Sage (improves plant quality, flavour and digestive qualities) / Thyme
Carrots – Chives / Leeks (sow together- carrots will be ready for harvest before leeks, which will have protected carrots against carrot fly) / Lettuce / Onions (alternate rows as carrots will deter onion fly and onions deter carrot fly) / Peas (plant carrots on the side that receives the most sun) / Radishes / Rosemary / Sage / Wormwood (the strong scents will deter carrot fly)
Cauliflower – Beans / Celery (will deter cabbage white butterfly) / Sage
Celery – Beans / Cabbage / Cauliflower / Dill / Leeks (plant in alternating rows- both like pig manure) / Tomatoes
Citrus- Guava (repels psyllids, protecting the citrus against the virus carried by psyllids)
Cucumbers – Beans / Celery / Chives / Lettuce / Marjoram / Oregano / Potatoes / Radishes (repel cucumber beetle) / Savoy cabbage / Sunflowers (will shade cucumbers) / Sweetcorn
Eggplant – Beans / Potatoes
Garlic – Apples / Apricots / Peaches / Roses
Grapes – Basil / Beans / Geraniums / Hyssop / Mulberries / Mustard greens / Peas / Tansy
Kohlrabi – Beetroot / Onions
Leeks – Carrots (grow in alternating rows as they have a mutual protection for each other) / Celery (deters cabbage white butterfly- grow in alternating rows as both like pig or goat manure and compost, and benefit from added potassium)
Lettuce – Beetroot / Cabbage / Carrots / Chervil / Marigolds (French or African; their scent repels many insects) / Onions / Radish (lettuce thrives when radish is present, and protects radish against flea beetle) / Strawberries
Onions (alliums) – Beetroot / Carrots (grow in alternating rows as carrot will protect against onion fly) / Lettuce / Fruit trees / Brassicas (cabbage family) / Nightshades (solanacae family) / Strawberries / Celery / Parsley and other herbs / Passionfruit / Cucumbers / Marigolds.
(*) Alliums confuse pests with their strong odour, masking the smell of other plants. They also help to prevent fungal diseases such as verticillium wilt in tomatoes and deter pest such as slugs, red spider mite and aphids.
Parsnips – Beans/ Garlic / Peas / Peppers / Potatoes / Radish
Peas – Beans / Carrots (roots excrete a chemical that encourages pea plant growth) / Cucumber / Onions / Potatoes / Radishes / Sweetcorn / Turnips
Potatoes – Beans (help to deter Colorado beetle) / Broad beans / Cabbage / Horseradish and nettles will also protect crop against pest insects / Marigolds (repel nematodes and Colorado beetle) / Nasturtiums / Peas / Sweetcorn
Pumpkins – Beans / Cabbage / Horseradish / Marigolds / Peas / Sweetcorn
Radishes- Chervil / Cucumber / Lettuce (protects radish from flea beetle) / Nasturtiums / Peas
Silverbeet – Beetroot / Lavender / Onions
Spinach – Strawberries
Strawberries – Borage / Lettuce / Sage / Spinach
Sweetcorn – Broad beans / Cucumber / Melons / Potatoes / Pumpkin / Squashes / Tomatoes
Tomatoes – Asparagus / Basil / Cabbage (brassicas) / Celery / Chives / Cucumber / Marigolds (deter nematodes) / Nettles (protect against mould) / Nasturtiums / Parsley
Turnips – Peas
Zucchini – Nasturtiums (provide protection against aphids)
Apples – Grass / Potatoes
Beans – Fennel / Garlic / Onions (inhibit growth) / Sunflowers
Broccoli – Strawberries
Cabbages (brassicas) – Rue / Strawberries / Tomatoes
Carrots – Dill / Tomatoes
Cauliflower – Strawberries
Coriander – Fennel (coriander has poor growth in its presence)
Fennel – generally does not mix with other plants and is better grown on its own. It does grow well with dill but when they both flower, they will cross-pollinate.
Garlic – Beans / Peas
Hyssop – Radishes
Kohlrabi – Tomatoes (kohlrabi reduces the growth of tomato) / Beans
Lettuce - Fennel
Mint – Parsley
Onions – Beans / Peas / Turnips / Parsnips / Asparagus / other alliums with the exception of leeks (they can be planted with other alliums as they deter onion flies)
Parsnip – Cabbages / Carrots / Celery /
Peas – Garlic / Onions (inhibit growth)/ Potatoes / Shallots
Potatoes – Apples / Cherries / Cucumber / Pumpkin / Raspberries / Rosemary / Sunflowers / Tomatoes
Pumpkins – Potatoes
Radishes – Hyssop / Potatoes
Raspberries – Blackberries / Potatoes
Rue – Basil (poisons the rue) / Cabbages / Sage
Spinach – Cabbages (brassicas)
Strawberries – Brussels sprouts / Cabbages / Cauliflower / Tomatoes
Sunflowers – Potatoes (sunflower growth becomes stunted)
Tomatoes – Apricots / Fennel / Kohlrabi / Potatoes / Rosemary
Basil – Tomatoes / Asparagus / Parsley / Apricots / Apples / Grapes
Borage – Strawberries (borage encourages the growth of strawberries so the fruit is healthy and tasty, and the leaves are more resistant to fungi and other diseases) / Broad beans / Courgettes / Cucumbers / Grapes / Marrow/squash / Tomatoes
Calendula – Artichokes / Beans (all varieties) / Peas / Potatoes
Chamomile (Roman or German) – Mint (chamomile enhances the flavour of mint) / Cabbage family / Onions / Peas / Tomatoes
Chervil – Dill / Coriander
Chives – Parsley / Apples (growing chives near apple trees will help keep the trees free of apple scab) / Carrots / Cabbage / Grapes / Leeks / Roses / Tomatoes
Coriander – Dill / Chervil / Anise / Carrots / Cabbage / Radishes / Spinach
Dill – Coriander / / Cabbage / Brussels sprouts / Cauliflower / Celery / Kohlrabi/ Leeks
Fennel – Cabbage / Leeks / Marrow/squash
Garlic – Apples / Runner beans / Lettuce / Peaches / Plums / Roses
Geraniums – Grapes
Horseradish – Fruit trees / Potatoes
Hyssop – Grapes / Cabbage family
Lavender – Cabbage / Citrus / Tomatoes
Lemon balm – Potatoes / Tomatoes
Marjoram –Beans / Broccoli / Cabbage / Potatoes
Marigolds – Lettuce / Potatoes / Tomatoes / Roses / Beans
Mint – Cabbage family / Peas / Tomatoes
Nasturtiums – Apples / Apricots / Courgettes (Zucchini) / Cabbages / Cauliflower / Broccoli/ Brussels sprouts / Kohlrabi / Turnips / Radishes / Cucumbers / Zucchini
Oregano – Cabbages
Parsley – Tomatoes / Asparagus / Chives / Roses / Artichokes / Lettuce / Potatoes / Mint
Rosemary –Sage (stimulate growth in each other) / Cabbage family / Beans / Carrots / Tomatoes
Sage – Rosemary / Carrots / Cabbage family / Grapes / Tomatoes
Savoury summer – Beans / Onions / Potatoes
Sunflowers – Squash / Cucumber
Tansy – Cabbages / Roses / Raspberries / Grapes
Thyme – Cabbage / Eggplant / Beans / Lettuce / Cauliflower
Yarrow – Raspberries / Sweetcorn
Another consideration when planting different types of plants together is how their root system grows. Plants which have roots close to the surface should be planted next to those which have deeper roots. Planting vegetables with different root-growth habits together will utilise nutrients from varying soil depths and thus reduce competition between the plants.
Plants with shallow roots (30-45 cm)
Broccoli / Brussels sprouts / Cabbage / Cauliflower / Celery / Chinese cabbage / Corn / Endive / Garlic / Kohlrabi / Bok choi / Lettuce / Onions (Leeks, Chives) / Potatoes / Radish / Spinach / Strawberries
Plants with moderate-depth roots (45-60 cm)
Beans / Beets / Cantaloupe (Rockmelon) / Carrots / Chard / Cucumber / Eggplant / Kale / Peas / Peppers / Squash (summer) / Turnips
Plants with deep roots (60-75 cm or more)
Artichokes / Asparagus / Okra / Parsnips / Pumpkins / Rhubarb / Sweet potatoes / Tomatoes / Watermelon / Squash (winter)